Eco-Friendly Alternatives to Lead in X-Ray Shielding: A Comprehensive Review

X-ray shielding is crucial in various fields such as medical imaging, nuclear power, and industrial radiography. Traditionally, lead has been the material of choice due to its excellent shielding properties. However, lead is highly toxic, posing significant environmental and health risks. This review explores the development and application of eco-friendly alternatives to lead in x-ray shielding. Various materials such as tungsten, bismuth, barium sulfate, polymers, nanocomposites, and clay-based materials are discussed. The review highlights recent advances, advantages, and limitations of these materials, as well as their environmental impact and cost-effectiveness. The need for sustainable materials in radiation protection is emphasized, considering the increasing demand for safer and environmentally benign options. This comprehensive review provides insights into the future directions of research and development in eco-friendly x-ray shielding materials, aiming to guide researchers and industry professionals in the selection and application of sustainable alternatives.

Keywords: X-Ray Shielding, Eco-Friendly Materials, Lead Alternatives, Radiation Protection, Sustainable Materials.